Everything about Unitarian Party totally explained
Unitarists (
Spanish Unitarios) was the name under which the
liberal concept of a centralised government in
Buenos Aires was known, during the years of civil war, short after the
Declaration of Independence of
Argentina in 1816, and opposed to the
Federalism.
The
Argentine War of Independence saw the forces of the
United Provinces of the Río de la Plata fighting the
Spanish Royalists that attempted to regain control of their
American colonies after the
Napoleonic Wars.
After the victorious
May Revolution of 1810, discrepancies between the powerful
Buenos Aires Province, and the other
provinces started to arise, and were tangible during the declaration of independence of 1816.
The Unitarians lost their controlling power in 1820 after the
Battle of Cepeda that left the central government divided between Buenos Aires and other of the most powerful provinces.
After the unsuccessful attempt of the 1826 Constitution, the Unitarians charged against the provincial
Federal Caudillos, and achieved the control over part of the provinces. But in 1835
Juan Manuel de Rosas became Federal governor from Buenos Aires (although Rosas's Federalism is often questioned).
Since then, many attempted to defeat Rosas, most notably
Juan Lavalle, in a series of more internal wars that lasted around two more decades.
Entre Ríos Province Caudillo
Justo José de Urquiza, together with support from other provinces, finally defeated Rosas at the
Battle of Caseros on
February 3 1852.
Yet the conflicts didn't end there. Unhappy with Urquiza's appointed governor
Vicente López y Planes, the Federals started a revolution commanded by
Valentín Alsina to re-gain the control of the province. Upon the creation of the
Constitution in 1853, the notion of a unified Confederation grew stronger, but it wasn't until after the
Battle of Pavón in 1861 that a notion of national unification, under the
presidency of
Bartolomé Mitre, emerged.
The Argentine unitarians resembled American federalists. They were "men of books and laws," as
Borges put it, who sought to produce a constitution, a professional political class and a centralized government divided into executive, legislative and judicial branches.
They were a political group, not a religious one, and not related to the religious
Unitarians.
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